<p>Kerns Fort, also known as Michael Kerns Cabin, is a historic home located at Morgantown, Monongalia County, West Virginia. It is a one-story log house built in 1772. It is built of chestnut logs and covered with wood clapboards. Attached to the rear is a 19th-century frame addition. It was built by Michael Kern, perhaps, the first permanent settler of what is now Morgantown. When Lord Dunmore&#39;s War started in 1774, Kern built a stockaded fort around his cabin.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. It is located in the Greenmont Historic District, listed in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Easton Roller Mill is a historic sawmill and grist mill located near Morgantown, Monongalia County, West Virginia. Construction began in 1864 and was completed in 1867. During the first 10 or so years, the mill changed hands from the original builder, Henry Koontz of Frostburg MD, about four times before mill-modernizer Isaac Morris bought the mill in 1894. Originally it was a 3 1/2-story rectangular, timber frame building with a shed addition; however, the shed was removed In recent years. Most mills of this era were exclusively using Burr stones for milling and grinding, however in 1894, the owner, Isaac Morris, installed roller mills for the production of high-grade white flour coming into popular demand. At that time, the Burr stone mill was relegated to grinding cornmeal, and so began a second business of cornmeal and animal feed products also sold at the Easton mill. It is probable Mr. Morris also installed the current steam engine, an 1875 Lane & Bodley 40 HP single expansion engine. The engine once ran on coal-generated steam; however, for insurance reasons, it now runs on compressed air for demonstration purposes. The mill ran under Mr. Morris ownership until 1910. William C. Ley  bought the mill in 1910 and ran it 24 hours a day until 1930. We are told that Mr. Ley was of German descent, was tall, spoke with a heavy accent, and often wore a thick black mustache under his wide brimmed hat. He was known for running a very expertly tuned operation, and keeping his equipment in perfect working order. We believe Mr. Ley potentially ran the mill seasonally through the 1930s, until his death in 1941. Between 1939 and Leys death in 1941, Leys daughter Estella Ley-Pickenpaugh and her husband Fred Pickenpaugh attempted to restore the mill to full working order, only to discover local wheat and grains unavailable, as most milling had moved to large-scale mills in the Midwest. During this time they may have been assisted by Mr. Leys milling partner Frank A. Walls of Easton. It is unclear whether Walls held ownership interest in the mill at any time; however, his name appears on the cornmeal bags only. The mill was willed by Estella Ley-Pickenpaugh to the Monongalia Historical Society in 1978. In the fall-winter of 2012–2013, restoration work began at the mill.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Seneca Glass Company Building, now called Seneca Center, is a historic glass factory located at Morgantown, Monongalia County, West Virginia. It was built by the Seneca Glass Company in 1896–1897, and is an industrial complex of work areas, all connected by doors, passageways, or bridges. A fire in 1902, destroyed much of the interior of the original brick part of the complex. After the fire, Elmer F. Jacobs designed the new two-story replacement, a new Needle Etching Room in a separate building connected by a bridge, and the reconstruction of the Grinding, Glazing, and Cutting areas. A large addition was built in 1947. The building features a conical brick stack that projects 36 feet above the roofline of the Furnace / Blowing Room. The complex was the home of one of the finest hand-blown, hand-cut and etched, lead glass factories in the world. After the factory closed in 1983, it was adapted for commercial use.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>Old Watson Homestead House, also known as Rowe Residence, is a historic home located at Smithtown, Monongalia County, West Virginia. It is a two-story, L-shaped Federal style brick dwelling with Italianate details. The original house was built about 1803, with two additions, one completed about 1843 and another in the late 1850s. It is one of Monongalia County&#39;s oldest and most significant homes.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Dents Run Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge located near Laurel Point, Monongalia County, West Virginia, United States. It was built in 1889, and spans Dents Run. The bridge is of Kingpost truss construction and measures 12 feet and 10 inches wide and 40 feet long. By 1981, it was one of only 17 covered bridges left in West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>Mason and Dixon Survey Terminal Point is a historic marker located near Core, West Virginia and Mount Morris, Pennsylvania, United States. Located on the boundary between Monongalia County, West Virginia and Greene County, Pennsylvania, The reason behind Mason & Dixon stopping here and not at the western most point of Pennsylvania is because the Native Americans told the surveyors they would not proceed one step further. This was due in part to them just crossing the Catawba Trail. In 1883 Cephas H. Sinclair placed the current stone atop Brown&#39;s Hill in the mound left by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon in 1767. This stone marks the westernmost point reached by Mason and Dixon in delineating the common boundaries of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia , and known as the Mason–Dixon line.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The location of the furthest west Mason & Dixon surveyed is preserved by the Mason-Dixon Historical Park.</p><br>
<p>Hamilton Farm Petroglyphs, also known as Pictured Rocks and Indian Picture Rocks, are a series of ancient petroglyphs located on USA Route 119 southeast of Ringgold, in Monongalia County of northern West Virginia. The rock art designs were carved by early Native Americans on sandstone.</p><br>
<p>The Hamilton Farm Petroglyphs and surrounding archaeological site were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>There were 25 designs cataloged, when they were inspected in 1961. These included: bear tracks, deer tracks, human footprints, a snail or spiral, human figures with upraised arms, and a "Spirit Otter." They are within an 18-foot square section of the stone, at an elevation of 1,460 feet.</p><br>
<p>Camp Rhododendron, also known as Camp Rhododendron Recreational Historic District, is a historic Civilian Conservation Corps camp and national historic district located at Coopers Rock State Forest near Morgantown, Monongalia County, West Virginia. The district includes seven contributing buildings, one contributing structure, and two contributing objects. It was constructed between 1936 and 1942, and includes a pumphouse, Robert Fechner Monument, information booth, three pavilions, an overlook / walkway, concession stand, fire warning sign, and trail chalet. They are built of hewn logs and sandstone and representative of the Depression-era Rustic style of architecture. Located nearby is the Coopers Rock State Forest Superintendent&#39;s House and Garage, also built by the CCC.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Chancery Hill Historic District is a national historic district located at Morgantown, Monongalia County, West Virginia. The district originally included 109 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site, Oak Grove Cemetery. A boundary increase in 2001, added the already listed Alexander Wade House to the district. The district encompasses a residential area developed in the early-20th century on property that was once the farm of USA Senator Waitman T. Willey. It includes examples of popular architectural styles from that period including Queen Anne, American Foursquare, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999, with a boundary increase in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Oak Grove Cemetery</h2><br>
<p>Notable burials include:</p><br>
<p>William E. Glasscock, 13th Governor of West Virginia</p><br>
<p>John Hagans, member of the United States House of Representatives from 1873 to 1875</p><br>
<p>George Cookman Sturgiss, member of the United States House of Representatives from 1907 to 1911</p><br>
<p>Waitman T. Willey, member of the Wheeling Convention, Senator for Virginia and West Virginia</p><br>
<p>Edgar C. Wilson, member of the United States House of Representatives from 1833 to 1835 for Virginia</p><br>
<p>Thomas Wilson, member of the United States House of Representatives from 1811 to 1813 for Virginia</p><br>
<p>The Downtown Morgantown Historic District is a federally designated historic district in Morgantown, Monongalia County, West Virginia. The district, encompassing approximately 75 acres, has 122 contributing buildings and 2 contributing sites including commercial and public buildings, residences, and churches. The district has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since May 2, 1996. Ten of the contributing buildings are listed separately on the National Register of Historic Places. Significant structures located within the historic district are the Monongalia County Courthouse, the Metropolitan Theater, and the Old Morgantown Post Office .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The historic district is representative of significant developments in architecture, social history, and industry that occurred in Morgantown and the surrounding region between 1795 and 1945. Morgantown is located along the Monongahela River which flows north to Pittsburgh and on to the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. The towns proximity to the river made it an important location in westward expansion. In the late 1750s, settlers began building small farms in the area. Zackquill Morgan, the towns founder, received a grant in 1784 for 50 acres on land at the junction of Deckers Creek and the river. Morgan had built a settlement on the land in 1772 and returned to the area after serving as a colonel in the Revolutionary War. He laid out a grid for the town on this property and received a charter for “Morgan’s Town” in 1785.</p><br>
<p>The town grew slowly throughout the early nineteenth century, with development based largely on the exportation of agricultural and industrial products north along the river. During the Civil War, the town was a strong supporter of the Union. Waitman T. Willey, a local lawyer, lived in the town and was a leader in the movement to create the state of West Virginia. The Confederate Jones- Imboden raiders occupied the town briefly during the war in an attempt to capture Willey, but he had fled before their arrival. After the war, the town grew quickly as transportation improved and the oil, petroleum, coal, and timber industries expanded. Many new immigrants came to the town to work in these growing businesses. During this time, the town also became a center of education with the creation of West Virginia University based on earlier academies and seminary schools. With the expansion of these educational and industrial activities came the building of new offices, homes, churches, and many other buildings to support the growing town. The development that occurred in the town over the past two and a half centuries can be seen throughout the historic district.</p><br>
<h2>Boundaries</h2><br>
<p>The boundaries of the historic district are based on the original town grid laid out by the town&#39;s founder Zackquill Morgan in 1785.</p><br>
<p>The central portion of the district is High Street, running parallel between Chestnut Street and Spruce Street. The district is bounded on the north by Willey Street which separates the downtown area from the campus of West Virginia University. To the south, the district is bounded by Foundry Street which runs along Deckers Creek. To the west, the district is bounded by Chestnut Street which runs parallel to the Monongahela River. To the east, the district is bounded by Spruce Street which also runs along Deckers Creek with bridges crossing over to the adjacent South Park Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The buildings with the historic district are representative of the architectural styles were common in the region between 1795 and 1945. The earliest structures in the district are in the federal style that was popular in the decades following the Revolutionary War. Buildings from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are in a variety of styles particularly Classic revival, Victorian, Gothic Revival, Italianate, and Romanesque. Many of the buildings within the historic district were designed by Elmer F. Jacobs, a local architect. Jacobs employed many of the styles popular during the Gilded Age to create an eclectic landscape in the downtown area.</p><br>
<h2>Properties</h2><br>
<h3>Buildings listed separately on the National Register</h3><br>
<p>Brown Building, also known as the Ream Building, was built in 1898. This commercial building was designed by Elmer Jacobs. It is a four-story eclectic style brick building with a flat roof and projecting cornice.</p><br>
<p>Dering Building, built in 1896, is a commercial building designed by Elmer Jacobs. It is a three-story Romanesque Revival style stone building. It features a pediment above the flat roof with a rising sun motif and the date of construction inscribed in the center.</p><br>
<p>Judge Frank Cox House, built about 1898, is a two and a half story Queen Anne style brick dwelling designed by Elmer Jacobs. The house features a three-story tower, five chimneys with decorative brick detailing, stained glass windows, and a wooden porch and portico. This was the home of Judge Frank Cox, a local lawyer and prosecuting attorney who served on the Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Metropolitan Theatre opened on July 24, 1924. The brick facade features fluted concrete Ionic order pilasters with egg-and-dart detail in the Classical Revival style. The theater continues to provide a home for the city&#39;s live entertainment with a single floor auditorium, balcony, two storefronts on the ground floor, and a pool hall in the basement.</p><br>
<p>Monongalia County Courthouse, built in 1891, is a two-story Romanesque style building with a five-story clock tower and separate three-story circular tower. Connected to the courthouse is a two-story Italianate style jailhouse built in 1881.</p><br>
<p>Old Morgantown Post Office, also known as the Monongalia Arts Center, was built in 1913. The building was originally a federally owned post office designed by Oscar Wenderoth in Classical Revival style. When the post office was moved to a new facility in the early 1970s, the building was purchased by the Tanner family who established the Monongalia County Arts Association, Inc.</p><br>
<p>Old Stone House, built about 1796, is a two-story stone structure with a one-story, timber-frame addition built in the early 1900s. It was the home of John W. Thompson, a potter in early Morgantown. It is one of the oldest surviving examples of rustic pioneer architecture in Monongalia County.</p><br>
<p>Rogers House, built about 1857, is a two-story brick and wood frame dwelling in the Classical Revival style. The original section of the house is brick. An addition, designed by Elmer Jacobs and built in 1905–1906, is wood frame. It was the home of the Rogers family, pioneer settlers of Morgantown.</p><br>
<p>Women&#39;s Christian Temperance Union Community Building built in 1922, is a four-story brick structure in the Classical Revival style. It features a smooth-cut stone cornice topped by a balustrade. The building also houses office space, meeting rooms, private apartments, and recreational facilities.</p><br>
<p>Walters House also known as the Stone, Gallagher and Byrne Law Offices was built about 1900. The house is a Queen Anne style brick dwelling featuring a three-story tower in the southeast corner topped with a wrought-iron balustrade.</p><br>
<h3>Contributing buildings</h3><br>
<p>Other contributing buildings within the historic district include various commercial and public buildings, houses, and churches. Significant commercial buildings with the district are the legal offices on Chancery Row (c. 1855) which includes the former office Waitman T. Willey, lawyer and one of the state&#39;s first senators. Additional commercial buildings in the district are the Knights of Columbus Building (significant in the labor history of the town), the Curtis Electrical and State Electronics (originally the Davis Brothers garage which features an early patented driving ramp system), and the Monongahela Building (which housed the offices of many coal company executives). Notable houses within the district are the Neville House (1823), the Crow-Garlow-Lewin House, and the John Rogers House (now the Dering Funeral Home, built in the 1840s in the federal style). Churches in the district include the Spruce Street United Methodist Church (built in 1908 and designed by Elmer Jacobs) and Wesley United Methodist Church (built in 1942). The historic district is also home to Morgantown City Hall (1924) and the historic Warner Theater (1931).</p><br>
<p>Greenmont Historic District is a national historic district located at Morgantown, Monongalia County, West Virginia. The district includes 409 contributing buildings, 4 contributing structures, and 2 contributing objects in a primarily residential area of the Greenmount neighborhood of Morgantown. Most of the dwellings were built between 1901 and 1925 and are of frame construction with brick or wood facades, one- to stories high with gable fronts. Notable buildings include the Reformation Orthodox Presbyterian Church. Also in the district are the separately listed Kern&#39;s Fort, and Hackney House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>South Park Historic District is a national historic district located at Morgantown, Monongalia County, West Virginia. The district includes 501 contributing buildings and 5 contributing structures in a primarily residential area south of downtown Morgantown. The district is characterized by tightly packed dwellings on a hillside and represent a variety of post-Victorian architectural styles popular between 1900 and 1940. Notable buildings include the First Church of Christ, Scientist, Morgantown High School, Crestholm Pharmacy, and Bobbette&#39;s Confectionary.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Morgantown Wharf and Warehouse Historic District is a national historic district located at Morgantown, Monongalia County, West Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The district includes 36 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 2 contributing structures in a formerly industrial area along the Monongahela River and B&O Railroad tracks. The district consists of primarily two and three-story, masonry buildings with warehouse or commercial facilities on the first floor with some residential on the upper stories, and some worker&#39;s housing. Most of the buildings were built between 1885 and 1948. Notable buildings include the B&O Railroad Depot (1885), Kincaid Building (c. 1904–1906), railroad bridge over Deckers Creek (c. 1900–1910), railroad trestle (c. 1900), and wharf site (c. 1847). Also located in the district is the separately listed Kincaid and Arnett Feed and Flour Building.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>"Sunset Hill", also known as the Alderson Home, is a historic home located at Alderson, Monroe County, West Virginia. The main farmhouse was built in 1880, and is a two-story I house with side gables and a two-story ell. The front facade features a gable portico supported by four Doric order columns. Also on the property are a contributing cottage , privy built by the Works Progress Administration , barn , cistern , and entrance gates .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Miller–Pence Farm is a historic home and farm located near Greenville, Monroe County, West Virginia. The main farmhouse was built in 1828, with five modifications through 1910. It began as a two-story Federal style brick home on a coursed rubble foundation. A two-story addition dated to the 1880s, with a cut stone foundation, has board-and-batten siding, evoking the Carpenter Gothic architectural style. Also on the property are a former slave school , second school , three barns , tractor shed , equipment shed , corn crib and ruins of Miller&#39;s Frontier House , spring box , original road cut , and the Miller-Halstead Cemetery .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>McNeer House is a historic home located near Salt Sulphur Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia. It was built in 1919, and is a -story white frame dwelling in the Colonial Revival style. It has a rear service area that features a two-story, U-shaped wing with a one-story rear portico with Doric order columns between the arms of the U. It features a two-story flat-roofed portico supported by four Doric columns, across the central bay of the front elevation. The house was built by E. Grier Kendall, but may have been designed by Alex B. Mahood from nearby Bluefield, West Virginia. It is the largest residential building in Monroe County. For a short time after World War II, the McNeer House became the "Lotus Club," perhaps Monroe County&#39;s only nightclub.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Byrnside-Beirne-Johnson House, also known as "Willowbrook," is a historic home located near Union, Monroe County, West Virginia. The house began as a pioneer log fort built by six families in 1770. After 1855, it was enlarged to a large -story, five-bay, T-shaped dwelling with a two-story rear wing. It is covered with board-and-batten siding in the Gothic Revival style. The front features a two-story gable end porch built about 1900. Also on the property is a contributing smokehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The eastern log structure in the home was originally known as Byrnsides (or Burnsides) Fort. James Byrnside was clearly an important person in the early settlement and defense of the area, having come into the sinks of Monroe area in the early 1760s and again in 1769 or 1770, having been burned out in 1763. He amassed considerable wealth and power in the area, for example, being taxed for 3,750 acres in 1783 (1783 Greenbrier County Land Roll). Five separate pension applicants mentioned being stationed at Byrnsides Fort (Bradshaw, Christy, Kincaid, Swope, Wincleback) between 1776 and 1781. The most commonly mentioned commander for these men was a Capt. Wright, as well as James Byrnside himself. John Stuart mentions trying to raise men under Capt. Byrnside in 1777, which adds further support for his extensive involvement (Thwaites and Kellogg 1908:240). Byrnsides Fort was probably a fairly important regional fort. The pension application of John Bradshaw suggests that spies from Byrnsides patrolled an area that butted up against the area that was covered by spies from Cooks Fort. Byrnside&#39;s Fort was used as a place of rendezvous for an expedition to Fort Chiswell and on to Kentucky in February 1781 under Major Hamilton, Lt. Woods, Capt. Henderson, Capt. Davidson and Capt. Armstrong as well as providing the more typical protection of an immediate hinterland. In August 1782, James Byrnside was awarded damages of over £12 for "damage done him by a party of militia from this county on their march to Kentucky (Greenbrier County Court Minutes, cited from Stinson 1988:13).</p><br>
<p>Virginia Militia records show that there were twelve "Indian Spies" in service from 1776 through 1779, ranging between Cooks Fort and Byrnsides Fort, both along Indian Creek in what was then Augusta County, Virginia (now Monroe County, West Virginia).</p><br>
<p>Willowbrook, including the original structure of Byrnside&#39;s Fort, is now in the process of restoration.</p><br>
<p>Clarence Campbell House, also known as "Hillcrest," is a historic house and farm located near Union, Monroe County, West Virginia. It was built in 1907, and is a large -story, three-bay, frame dwelling in the Queen Anne style. The house is covered in clapboard painted white. It features a two-story rounded tower on the southwestern corner and wraparound verandah. Also on the property is a children&#39;s playground , garage and shop , cattle barn , and storage barn .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Brig. Gen. John Echols House is a historic home located at Union, Monroe County, West Virginia. It was built between 1845 and 1848, and is a two-story, brick dwelling in the Greek Revival style. The house measures 44 feet, 6 inches, wide and 52 feet long. It features a hipped roof and prominent, exterior side chimneys. Also on the property is a frame, two-story house that appears to have been used for servant&#39;s quarters. The house was owned for 20 years by Brig Gen. John Echols , a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It is located in the Union Historic District, listed in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Elmwood, also known as the Hugh Caperton House, is a historic home located near Union, Monroe County, West Virginia. It was built in the 1830s, and is a two-story, nearly square brick dwelling with Greek Revival details. The front facade features wide limestone steps and a veranda, with second-story balcony, Chinese Chippendale railings at both levels, and four plain but huge plaster covered brick columns. The house was built by Congressman Hugh Caperton . It was home to Allen T. Caperton , the first ex-Confederate elected to the United States Senate after the American Civil War.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It is located in the Union Historic District, listed in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Wallace Estill Sr. House, also known as the Old Stone House, is a historic home located near Union, Monroe County, West Virginia. It was built in 1773, is of stone and frame construction. The stone part measures 20 feet, 6 inches, by 25 feet, 6 inches. The house has two stone chimneys from which three fireplaces and two flues for woodstoves are provided. It is a good example of pioneer architecture. The house is the ancestral home of United States Senator Chuck Robb as his grandmother, Susan Gay Estill, was the great-granddaughter of its owner Isaac Estill.</p><br>
<p>Wallace Estills son, Captain James Estill, was a Kentucky militia officer during the Revolutionary War, after whom Estill County, Kentucky was named. Captain Estill was killed at the Battle of Little Mountain, also known as Estills Defeat, during the Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Spring Valley Farm, also known as the Richard Dickson Farm, is a historic home and farm located near Union, Monroe County, West Virginia. The main house began as a two-story log cabin built in 1793. The main, or big, house was added to the original log unit between 1837 and 1841. It is a two-story building with large brick chimneys on either end of its gently sloping gable roof. The front facade features a two-story porch that extends the entire length of the main unit. The porch has plain white wood columns with a Chinese Chippendale style railing on the second floor. Also on the property are a variety of contributing outbuildings including the Shop and Root Cellar , 1834 Well, Smoke House or Meat House , Granary , the Old Stable , Cattle Barn , Second Creek Fort Well , Horse Barn , Old Garage , Machine Shed , and Old Log Building .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, with a boundary increase in 1992.</p><br>
<p>"Walnut Grove", also known as the Andrew Beirne House, is a historic home located near Union, Monroe County, West Virginia. It is a T-shaped dwelling that integrates four separate structures. The oldest date to the 1780s and incorporates two, two-story log buildings. Attached to them is a formerly detached log kitchen. A two-story, Greek Revival-style brick addition was built after 1825. The entrance is in this section and features a one-story porch supported by square columns. Also on the property are a two-room frame office building, brick smokehouse, and stone springhouse. It was home to USA Congressman Andrew Beirne .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It is located in the Union Historic District, listed in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The Hadley Flour and Feed Mill is located at 3633 Hadley Road in rural Hadley Township in southwestern Lapeer County, Michigan. It was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site and also added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 25, 1986.</p><br>
<p>The site includes several structures, but the main building is a -story wooden gristmill with a full basement. The structure is painted white and red, which was characteristic of such structures at the time. It was a typical site constructed during the course of Lapeer Countys booming agricultural growth, but today, it remains one of fewer than 60 remaining examples in the state. It was built in 1874 by Peter Slimmer along the small Mill Creek and has undergone numerous repairs over its history. It was the third such mill constructed on the site—the first being built in 1845 and the second in the early 1860s. The building once stood on stilts to allow water to pass beneath. These ponds were removed, along with the creeks dam when the structure was converted from a gristmill to produce electric power in 1924 to reflect growing changes in the twentieth century. After the site ceased operation in 1964, it was turned into an office and apartment building but was later converted into a park and museum known as the Hadley Mill Museum. The property was donated to the township in 2002. The covered bridge was added in recent years as part of the park&#39;s ambiance.</p><br>
<p>William Gaston Caperton Jr. House, also known as "Wyndridge," is a historic home and national historic district located near Union, Monroe County, West Virginia. The district includes nine contributing buildings. The main house was built in 1872, and is a large, almost square, two-story hipped roof Georgian plan house. The front facade features a one-story portico that is Greek Revival in form. The 1872 house incorporates two two-story late 18th century log structures and the early pioneer 1773 Blanton House. Also on the property are the contributing log ice house and log smoke house, barn with vertical siding, a cattle scales and a machine shed, carriage shed, and a shed. Gaston Caperton, who served as Governor of West Virginia from 1989 to 1997, is a descendant of William Gaston Caperton Jr.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Nickell Homestead and Mill, also known as Mont Glenn Farm, is a historic home, grist mill, and national historic district located at Secondcreek, near Ronceverte, Monroe County, West Virginia. The district includes seven contributing buildings. The original section of the main house was built about 1820, with additions made in 1858, and about 1900. It is a -story, six bay brick and frame Federal style dwelling. The 1900 addition has some Colonial Revival style details. Also on the property is a two-story mill built in 1814, a barn , machine shed , hog shed , garage , and house by the mill . The Nickell mill closed in 1949. The property upon which the mill stood was sold in 2014 or 2015. The new owner tore down the mill. The only thing remaining is the stone foundation. The new owner is not maintaining the property and the house is also falling into disrepair. One wonders why this person bought an historic property only to destroy it.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Reed&#39;s Mill is a historic grist mill and national historic district located at Secondcreek, Monroe County, West Virginia. The district includes two contributing buildings and eight contributing structures. It was one of the original mill complexes of Secondcreek. The main mill building was built about 1791, and is a mortise and tenon frame structure held together with wooden pins, and sits atop a raised cut stone basement. A tall three-story section with basement was added in 1949. The district also includes the mill dam, wing-dam, mill race lined with rock and ending in the mill pond, and concrete mill race that carries water to the turbine  which operates the grinding wheels in the mill. It remains an operating mill.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Reeds Mill, Second Creek.jpgReeds Mill</p><br>
<p>ReedMillInterior.jpgInterior of the Mill</p><br>
<p>Cook&#39;s Mill, also known as The Old Mill and The Greenville Mill, is a historic grist mill and sawmill and national historic district located near Greenville, Monroe County, West Virginia, United States. The district includes one contributing buildings and two contributing structures. The main mill building was built in 1857 on the original stone foundation and site of an earlier mill built in approximately 1796. It is a -story, plus basement, hand-hewn post-and-beam building, with massive timbers pegged at their mortise and tenon joints. The district also includes the dam, mill pond, tail race and stream.</p><br>
<p>The site also contains several noncontributing structures, including a log house dating from about 1843 that was moved to the site from nearby War Ridge in 1990, and a forge building constructed in the late 1980s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>This is near the original site of Cook&#39;s Station (Fort) built by Valentine Cook in the early 1770s.</p><br>
<p>This was the site of the first marriage in that county, of Phillip Hamman and Christina Cook in 1780.</p><br>
<p>He being known as Savior Of The Greenbrier for his run, along with John Pryor, to warn the Greenbrier</p><br>
<p>settlements in 1778 of an impending Indian attack.</p><br>
<p>Lynnside Historic District is a national historic district located near Sweet Springs, Monroe County, West Virginia. The district includes six contributing buildings, three contributing sites, and two contributing structures. It consists of three contiguous properties related to the Lewis family home, known as "Lynnside." The main house was built in 1845 on the site of a previous plantation house, and is a -story, rectangular masonry dwelling in the Greek Revival style. It measures 70 feet by 40 feet. A fire in 1933, destroyed the roof and porticos. Also on the property are four wooden barns dated to about 1900. Located nearby is the Lewis Family Cemetery, that includes the grave of Virginia Governor John Floyd , and the adjacent Catholic Cemetery dated to 1882. The district also includes St. John&#39;s Catholic Chapel , a simple masonry Greek Revival style building, and the adjacent "New Cemetery."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Union Historic District is a national historic district located at Union, Monroe County, West Virginia. The district includes 174 contributing buildings, 2 contributing sites, 7 contributing structures, and 1 contributing object in the Union and surrounding areas.</p><br>
<p>Notable properties include the Monroe County Courthouse (c. 1882), Union High School (1939), Monroe County Confederate Monument (1901), Monroe Department Store (1898), Watchman Office (c. 1870), Union Presbyterian Church (1922), Union United Methodist Church (c. 1889), old Baptist Church (c. 1845), All Saints Episcopal Church (c. 1873), old brick Methodist Church (c. 1831), old Union Academy (c. 1820), and Old Temperance Hall (c. 1849). Located in the district are the separately listed Elmwood, Walnut Grove and Brig. Gen. John Echols House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Confederate Monument, Union, WV.jpgStatue in Confederate Memorial Park</p><br>
<p>Union Historic District 2022a.jpgCommercial buildings in the district</p><br>
<p>Union Historic District 202b.jpgCommercial buildings in the district</p><br>
<p>The Clark-Wiseman House, one of Union, West Virginia&#39;s earliest structures LCCN2015634357.tifClark-Wiseman House</p><br>
<p>Ames-Clair Hall, the old Ames Methodist Church, built in 1857 in Union, West Virginia LCCN2015634358.tifAmes-Clair Hall</p><br>
<p>Laurel Creek Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge located near Lillydale, Monroe County, West Virginia. It was built in 1910. The shortest covered bridge in the state, it measures 34 feet, 6 inches long and 13 feet, 2 1/2 inches wide. It has wood siding painted red and a galvanized metal roof. By 1981, it was one of only 17 covered bridges left in West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.</p><br>
<p>Pickaway Rural Historic District is a national historic district located at Pickaway, near Union, West Virginia, Monroe County, West Virginia. The district includes 126 contributing buildings, 1 contributing sites, and 7 contributing structures centered on Pickaway and surrounding rural areas. Notable properties in the core include the Reverend John Simpson House , Pickaway School , Trinity Methodist Episcopal South Church , Pickaway Store and Post Office , and frame mill and blacksmith shop . Surrounding farms included in the district are the Gilchrist-Pritt-Perrine farms; Overholt-Gilcrist-Pritt and McClung farms; Beckett, Kilcollin, and Lemon farms; and Siebold and Weikle farms.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Friendship House  is a Georgian townhouse, located at 619 D Street, , Southeast, Washington, D.C., in the Capitol Hill neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was designed by William Lovering in 1795.</p><br>
<p>The first owner of the home was William Mayne Duncanson, whose house guests included George Washington.</p><br>
<p>In August 1814, it served as a hospital after the Battle of Bladensburg.</p><br>
<p>In 1815, it was purchased from bankruptcy, by Francis Scott Key.</p><br>
<p>In July 1838, it was purchased by Major Augustus A. Nicholson.</p><br>
<p>On June 2, 1856, it was purchased by John M. Clayton. He added a ballroom with decoration by Constantino Brumidi.</p><br>
<p>On April 20, 1858, it was purchased by Louis François de Pourtalès; there are rumors of his winecellar.</p><br>
<p>In 1871, it was purchased by journalist Mrs. Emily Edson Briggs; she named it "Maple Square."</p><br>
<p>The Friendship House Association, founded in 1904, purchased the house in 1936, and operated a settlement house, and community center there.</p><br>
<p>As the Capitol Hill neighborhood gentrified, most of the people served were in other parts of Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<p>It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 18, 1973.</p><br>
<p>The property was sold in 2010, to a private developer.</p><br>
<p>Beaver Mill is a historic grist mill located near Craigsville, Nicholas County, West Virginia. It was built in 1852, and is a two-story, clapboard-sided, timber-frame structure with an end gable roof. It sits on a stone pier foundation, and measures 25 feet wide and 30 feet, one inch deep. The mill ceased operation in 1932.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Mason–Drennen House, also known as the Martin Bibb Mason House, Drennen-Mason House, and Drennen Spring, is a historic home located near Drennen, Nicholas County, West Virginia. The main portion of the house was built about 1818 and 1835, and the rear wing was added about 1910. It is a two-story, side gable with a rear gable, two-story wing of log and frame construction. It features a full-length, two-story porch on the front of the house. Also on the property are two contributing barns.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Martin Hamilton House, also known as the Hamilton House Museum, is a historic home located at Summersville, Nicholas County, West Virginia. It was built in 1893, and is a simple one-story, frame dwelling with clapboard siding and a corrugated metal roof. An eight-foot addition was built in 1936. It was donated to the Nicholas County Historical and Genealogical Society in 1985, and is used as a museum and genealogical library.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>James B. Carden House is a historic home located near Summersville, Nicholas County, West Virginia. It was built in 1885, and is a two-story, "T"-plan, frame, Folk Victorian style house. It features a two-story front porch running the full width of the house. Also on the property are an end gable barn and a small workshop. It has been occupied since 1971, by a restaurant known as the Country Road Inn-Mama Jerrols.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Capt. John Halstead Farm is a historic home and farm located near Kesslers Cross Lanes, Nicholas County, West Virginia. It was built about 1876, and is a two-story side gable with a rear gable two-story wing. It features a full-length, two-story porch on the front of the house and one on the side of the wing in the rear. Also on the property are a contributing gable-roofed tool shed, a small barn, a long narrow chicken coop, an outhouse, and a large barn. It is an example of the local type of residence and subsistence farm.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Nicholas County Bank is a historic bank building located at Summersville, Nicholas County, West Virginia. It was built in 1923, and is a two-story, locally quarried sandstone building in the Classical Revival style. It has a rectangular plan, a flat roof, and a one-story entrance portico with Doric order columns.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Crafts Street City Stable is a historic redbrick public works building located at 90 Crafts Street near Ashmont Avenue in Newton, Massachusetts. Designed for $375 by Boston-based architect and Newton resident William F. Goodwin in the Colonial Revival style of architecture, it was built in 1895 for the city of Newton at a cost of $25,000 to serve as additional stable for its then Highway Department. Over the years, it was converted to a city garage and is now called the Crafts Street Garage. It forms the focal point for the city&#39;s Department of Public Works complex. On December 18, 2009, the building along with a 20-foot perimeter strip around it was added to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Rhodes Tavern is the site of a historic tavern in the early history of Washington, D.C. It was located at 15th Street and F Street, Northwest, Washington, D.C.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1799 by Bennett Fenwick on land he had purchased in 1797. It was sold or rented to William Rhodes in 1801 and he operated it as a tavern and inn until 1805. During that time it was a polling place in the first city council election on June 7, 1802. In 1805, Rhodes sold it to Joseph Semmes, Rhodes future brother-in-law who had run the successful City Tavern in Georgetown. Semmes renamed it the Indian King and ran it until 1809, when he sold it to Virginia Congressman John George Jackson. From 1810 to June 1814, Jackson lived here and Mrs. Barbara Suter ran it as a boarding house for him. Several members of Congress stayed here during that time including John Sevier the first governor of Tennessee. Jackson sold it, and it became the Bank of Metropolis, and later Riggs Bank. Contrary to popular belief, British soldiers did not dine or stay here as they burned the city in August 1814. That occurred at Mrs. Suter&#39;s new place on Pennsylvania and 15th.</p><br>
<p>An image of how the building looked in 1817 was painted by Anne Marguerite Hyde de Neuville in 1817.</p><br>
<p>It was the first home of Riggs Bank, from 1837 to 1845. It was here, in 1881, that Charles Guiteau would buy the gun with which he would later shoot and kill President James Garfield.</p><br>
<p>It was the home of the National Press Club from 1909 to 1914, and was visited by Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Woodrow Wilson.</p><br>
<h2>Demolition controversy</h2><br>
<p>The building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on March 24, 1969.</p><br>
<p>In March 1978, the United States Commission of Fine Arts recommended demolition, while finding the Keith-Albee Theater and National Metropolitan Bank facades historic.</p><br>
<p>J. Carter Brown referred to Rhodes Tavern as: "the missing tooth in the smile of 15th Street."</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the D.C. Superior Court halted demolition of the Keith Albee building, but then allowed demolition of the interior. The developer said he would preserve the historic facade of the Keith-Albee theater building, if he could demolish Rhodes Tavern. In 1981, the Supreme Court declined to review the District of Columbia Court of Appeals allowing demolition.</p><br>
<p>The White House curator, Clement Conger, advocated restoration of the tavern, like Fraunces Tavern, and Gadsby&#39;s Tavern Museum. In 1982, a House Subcommittee held hearings about the demolition.</p><br>
<p>A ballot initiative to preserve the building was approved by Washington citizens in 1983.</p><br>
<p>City attorneys argued that the ballot initiative did not bar demolition. Mayor Marion Barry named seven people to a review board in accordance with the initiative.</p><br>
<p>In June 1984, the D.C. Superior Court granted a preliminary injunction against a demolition permit. In August, the D.C. Superior Court found the initiative to halt demolition unconstitutional. The D.C. Court of Appeals blocked demolition, but required a $100,000 bond. Warren Burger, of the Supreme Court declined to stay the order by the District of Columbia Superior Court to allow demolition. After the D.C. Court of Appeals lifted the injunction, demolition began at 1:57, September 10, 1984. Wrecking Corporation of America demolished through the night to avoid further Court review. People collected nails and bricks from the demolition.</p><br>
<p>The lot is now the site of Metropolitan Square office building, phase II, completed in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The United States Commission of Fine Arts recommended placing a marker on the site. A marker was placed by the Rhodes Tavern – D.C. Heritage Society, on June 7, 1999.</p><br>
<h2>Legacy</h2><br>
<p>The preservation battle was an impetus for the use of preservation law, by the Historic Preservation Office, for redevelopment in the District of Columbia.</p><br>
<p>The papers of the Committee to Save Historic Rhodes Tavern are held at George Washington University.</p><br>
<p>A musical group The Rhodes Tavern Troubadours won a 2001 Wammie.</p><br>
<p>The Younge site is an archeological site located in Goodland Township, Lapeer County, Michigan. It is classified as a prehistoric Late Woodland site and was designated as a Michigan State Historic Site on October 29, 1971. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 29, 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Younge Site is located on a level plain about a mile wide, near Imlay Channel, a tributary of Mill Creek, which is a branch of the Black River, emptying into Lake Huron. The site itself spans about three acres, and contains remnants of two separate enclosures.</p><br>
<h2>History of archaeological investigations</h2><br>
<p>A preliminary excavation of the site was completed in 1934 by W. B. Hinsdale. This proved promising, and more extensive excavations were completed the next year by Emerson Greenman of the University of Michigan.</p><br>
<p>Almost thirty years later, James Fitting did a pottery typology and Late Woodland cultural chronology for southeast Michigan based on findings at Younge and other sites.</p><br>
<h2>Results of 1934-1935 excavations</h2><br>
<p>The remains of two enclosures were found, each made from poles set into the ground. One was about 585 feet long and 25–30 feet wide. The second was 252 feet long and 25 to 30 feet wide. Both contained human burials, pit features and fireplaces, plant and animal remains, and prehistoric artifacts dating to the Late Woodland period.</p><br>
<h3>Features</h3><br>
<p>88 pits were excavated along with several fireplaces. Three of the pits contained the remains of maize.</p><br>
<h3>Burials</h3><br>
<p>Thirty-seven burials were excavated at the site. Some of them had grave goods and/or modifications to the skeleton which may have cultural significance:</p><br>
<p>1 had a tobacco pipe</p><br>
<p>2 had mussel shell included</p><br>
<p>1 had red ochre</p><br>
<p>1 had a celt</p><br>
<p>Some of the crania had drilled perforations (2) or removal of circular discs from the cranium (7)</p><br>
<p>5 had clay in the facial cavities</p><br>
<p>On some specimens, the leg bones were also modified to support the body when suspended from a pole in an ossuary, which was observed—although not firsthand—in the accounts of the earliest European settlers.</p><br>
<p>Based on the locations of burials within enclosures, and the presence of grave goods with some of the skeletons, it was suggested that the structures were part of a burial ceremony similar to those observed in the Huron tribe in early Historic times (i.e. the Huron Feast of the Dead).</p><br>
<h3>Animal remains</h3><br>
<p>Remains from several species were found in the pits or in the topsoil. They were not quantified in the site report but the main species present were beaver, marten, red fox, muskrat, wild turkey, walleyed pike, largemouth black bass and several species of mussel. These remains were not modified into tools like the bone tools described in the Artifacts section below, and may be considered food remains.</p><br>
<h3>Plant remains</h3><br>
<p>Plant remains were not systematically collected in the excavations. However, the remains of maize were recovered from 3 of the pits, indicating agriculture was practiced at the site.</p><br>
<h3>Artifacts</h3><br>
<p>Artifacts recovered from the site included:</p><br>
<p>Pottery (1,500 sherds) – described in detail below</p><br>
<p>Stone tools – including projectile points, scrapers, blanks and flakes. It was suggested that the stone and bone tools were underrepresented at Younge when compared to the amount of pottery present.</p><br>
<p>Ground stone artifacts – including pitted stones, abrading stones, a net-sinker and a celt</p><br>
<p>Bone tools – only 2 pieces of worked bone were present; one was interpreted as an awl and the other, a chisel</p><br>
<p>Tobacco pipes – 2 complete and 47 fragments</p><br>
<h3>Late Woodland pottery</h3><br>
<p>Archaeologists often find pottery to be a very useful tool in analyzing a prehistoric culture. It is usually very plentiful at a site and the details of manufacture and decoration are very sensitive indicators of time, space and culture.</p><br>
<p>No whole or completely reconstructable vessels were found at the site. Therefore, the researchers looked primarily at rim sherds and distinctive body sherds to analyze the pottery.</p><br>
<p>The pottery was all grit-tempered, Late Woodland ware. Most had a cord-wrapped paddle impressed finish, sometimes partially smoothed over.</p><br>
<p>Almost all sherds had some form of decoration. Several types of decorative motifs were identified:</p><br>
<p>Impression with 2-ply cord, i.e. a linear cord impression; often in association with a flat lip top</p><br>
<p>Impression with cord-wrapped stick</p><br>
<p>Incision with a sharp tool</p><br>
<p>Punctates in parallel rows forming a checkered pattern; often in association with collared rims and outsloping lip tops</p><br>
<p>Fitting developed the concept of the Younge tradition (also known as the Western Basin tradition) to interpret a long, in situ occupational sequence in southeast Michigan and the western Lake Erie basin that some believe goes from as far back as the late Archaic Period (c. B.C. 3000) and continues to the Late Woodland Period (c. A.D. 1400).</p><br>
<p>The Late Woodland portion of the sequence is as follows: Riviere au Vase phase (c. A.D. 800–1000), Younge phase (c. A.D. 1000–1200), the Springwells phase (c. A.D. 1200–1350) and the Wolf phase (c. A.D. 1350–1450).</p><br>
<p>The Younge phase is named after the Younge site, which is the first site where pottery of this phase was excavated.</p><br>
<p>Fitting classified the Younge pottery into 4 types. All of these types are part of the Late Woodland ware group Riviere Ware and all are grit-tempered:</p><br>
<p>Vase Dentate – 7 vessels identified at Younge site. Characterized by large globular vessels with cordmarked or fabric-wrapped paddle impressed surface finish; decorated with oblique, vertical or herringbone impressions along the rim, made with a dentate stamp or comb. Collared rims are common, but castellations are rare; lip top is flat and slopes outward and the rim profile is vertical to slightly excurved. This type was also common at the Riviere au Vase site, in Macomb County, Michigan.</p><br>
<p>Vase Tool-impressed – 5 vessels identified at Younge site. Similar to Vase Dentate except castellations are more common. Form is rounded to semiconoidal. This type was also numerous at the Riviere au Vase site and the Fort Wayne Mound site just south of Detroit, Michigan.</p><br>
<p>Vase Corded – 11 vessels identified at Younge site. Similar to Vase Dentate and Vase Tool-impressed except the vessel form is more elongated and rims are mostly castellated, and sometimes also collared. Present at the Riviere au Vase and Fort Wayne Mound sites and also the Wolf site, which is located about 4 miles northeast of Riviere au Vase.</p><br>
<p>Macomb Linear – 8 vessels identified at Younge site. Characterized by elongated vessels with rounded to semiconoidal bases; constricted necks and slightly excurved rim profiles; castellated rims which are sometimes collared; and roughened or smoothed over cordmarked or fabric-impressed surface. Design motifs include horizontal impressions and triangles forming lines parallel to the base of the collar, or following the castellations. This type was also common at the Riviere au Vase, Fort Wayne Mound and Wolf sites.</p><br>
<p>According to Fitting, judging by the trends in pottery styles within the Younge tradition, the Younge site and Riviere au Vase sites are very similar in time placement. Both have Riviere Ware pottery but Riviere au Vase also has an earlier type of pottery called Wayne Ware, and that type is absent at Younge. Therefore, the Younge occupation is slightly later than the one at Riviere au Vase.</p><br>
<p>The Younge phase roughly coincides with the Glen Meyer and Pickering Early Ontario Iroquois tradition in Canada, and the Owasco (pre-Iroquois) phase in New York State. It has been suggested, based on certain similarities in pottery styles, that they are all related and therefore the Younge tradition peoples may have been speakers of an Iroquoian language. Greenman points out the similarities between the artifacts found at Younge and the artifacts from the Uren site, a Proto-Neutral Ontario Iroquois site in Canada.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>The Younge site was one of the first sites to be excavated in southeastern Michigan and is the type site for the Younge tradition. The presence of maize indicates the Late Woodland cultures of the area had an agricultural base. Also, the burials present at the site illustrate some of the mortuary customs from this period.</p><br>
<p>Lockwood Historic District is a national historic district located at Lockwood, Nicholas County, West Virginia, United States. The district includes 26 contributing buildings and 1 contributing site. The district encompasses the community of Lockwood. All the buildings are of frame or log construction. Notable buildings include the Fairview Baptist Church , Summers Residence , Gay Grose House , and Hill House . Also included are the Summers Cemetery and the Morris grave site and monument.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Downtown Richwood Historic District is a national historic district located at Richwood, Nicholas County, West Virginia. The district includes 51 contributing buildings in the central business district of Richwood. They consist of mostly two and three-story masonry commercial buildings from the late 19th and early 20th century. They have storefronts on the first floor and house on the upper floors. Notable buildings include the USA Post Office , First Methodist Church  designed by Levi J. Dean, Richwood Banking and Trust Building , and New Star Theatre, also by Levi J. Dean.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Wild Basin House was built in the southeastern corner of Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado, USA in 1931. The log residence was built to plans provided by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs at a cost of $2500, in the National Park Service rustic style. The one-story house measures 23 ft by 31 ft, resting on a fieldstone foundation, with a shallow-pitched wood shingle roof. The interior comprises three rooms.</p><br>
<p>The Wild Basin House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 29, 1988. The Wild Basin Ranger Station, also listed on the NRHP, is nearby.</p><br>
<p>The Agnes Vaille Shelter is a beehive-shaped stone shelter along E. Longs Peak Trail near the summit of Longs Peak in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. The first shelter was built in 1927 by the National Park Service after a number of climbers died ascending Longs Peak. The shelter was named for Agnes Vaille, who died while descending from the first winter ascent of the east face of Longs Peak on January 12, 1925. Herbert Sortland also died of exposure during an attempt to rescue Vaille. Vaille&#39;s family rebuilt the shelter in 1935.</p><br>
<h2>Agnes Vaille</h2><br>
<p>Agnes Wolcott Vaille was born in 1890 and graduated from Smith College. She came from a prominent Denver family; her father was president of the first telephone company in Denver. During World War I, Vaille volunteered to work overseas for the Red Cross. After the war, Vaille was appointed secretary of the Denver Chamber of Commerce.</p><br>
<p>Vaille was a member of the Colorado Mountain Club, served as Outing Chairman and was an early member of the 14,000 Footers Club. In 1923, she made a solo winter ascent, the first known, of James Peak. Mountaineer Carl Blaurock called Vaille "a strong, husky woman, just crazy about climbing".</p><br>
<h2>Vaille&#39;s death on Longs Peak</h2><br>
<p>Vaille met Walter Kiener in the Colorado Mountain Club; they decided to be the first climbers to make a winter ascent of the east face of Longs Peak. Their first three attempts were unsuccessful. The fourth attempt began on the morning of January 11, 1925.</p><br>
<p>Vaille was buried in Fairmount Cemetery, Denver, Colorado.</p><br>
<p>The first stone shelter was built in 1927 under the direction of Roger Toll, Superintendent of Rocky Mountain National Park and Vailles cousin. Recent scholarship asserts that the present shelter was built by Vailles family in 1935 to replace the 1927 Park Service shelter. The shelter was designed in the spirit of the National Park Service rustic style to blend with the local landscape, located above 13,400 ft elevation on the edge of an area known as the Boulder Field. The stone for the shelter came from this area. It consists of a single circular room with a conical ceiling formed by the walls and roof of the shelter, entered by a single door opening whose door has been removed. As a result, the interior may be partially filled with snow for much of summer. There are two glazed windows and one filled-in opening, and the floor is paved with stone.</p><br>
<p>A plaque mounted near the shelter reads,</p><br>
<p>The Agnes Vaille Shelter was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 24, 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Walter Kiener</h2><br>
<p>Kiener was born in Bern, Switzerland, on 18 October 1894, the son of a sausage maker. He left school at 15 to help support his family. In his free time, Kiener became an expert mountaineer in the Alps. After serving his mandatory military service, he immigrated to the United States. Kiener arrived in Denver in 1923, took a job as a butcher, and joined the Colorado Mountain Club where he met Vaille.</p><br>
<p>Kiener suffered frostbite as a result of the Longs Peak expedition and lost several fingers, most of his toes, and part of a foot.</p><br>
<p>Kiener taught at the University of Nebraska and served as chief biologist for the State of Nebraska Game, Forestation, and Parks Commission. He also founded the Nebraska Game Commissions Fisheries Research Department. He died of pancreatic cancer on August 24, 1959. Keiners extensive collection of plant specimens, catalogs, field notes, reference books is housed at the University of Nebraska State Museum.</p><br>
<p>Cuckoo is a Federal style house in the small community of Cuckoo, Virginia near Mineral, Virginia, built in 1819 for Henry Pendleton. Cuckoo was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 19, 1994.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The initial construction featured a two-story front section with a one-story extension to the rear, housing the dining room and the winter kitchen. Between 1839 and 1907 the house was owned by Dr. Philip Barbour Pendleton, who added a second floor to the rear wing and extended the main roof to cover the new row of rooms across the back of the house. A later generation of Pendletons remodeled the house in the Colonial Revival style after 1910, adding the present Neoclassical portico. The next owners, Anne Pendleton Forrest and Dr. William Mentzel Forrest, added to the rear wing with a design by architect Stanislaw J. Makielski of Charlottesville. The complex includes a number of outbuildings, including two separate doctor&#39;s office buildings, a garage, barn, smokehouse, and the Pendleton family cemetery.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Cuckoo is a brick two-story three-bay center-hall structure, with single rooms flanking the stair hall. The house is fronted by a porch across its entire width. A second set of rooms, part of the original one-story section, lie to the rear of the front rooms, with further 20th-century additions across the back. A semicircular closet with a small window projects at the ground floor between the fireplaces of the rooms to the right of the center hall. The fireplaces and chimneys project prominently from both side elevations. The Makielski addition to the rear features a bowed porch that echoes the curve of the closet. The interior of the addition includes a back stairway.</p><br>
<h3>Outbuildings</h3><br>
<p>The small doctors office is believed to have been built in the early-to-mid 19th century for Dr. Robert Barret a short distance to the north of Cuckoo, and was moved to Cuckoo by Dr. Philip Barbour Pendleton prior to the Civil War for use as Pendletons medical office. The large doctors office was built circa 1888 for Dr. Eugene Pendleton on the grounds of his house, named Linwood, in the village of Cuckoo. It was expanded to accommodate his sons practice about 1908, and was moved to Cuckoo in 1910 when Eugene moved there. The office was moved again in 1972 when the highway was widened, and was used as a medical office by Dr. Eugene Barbour Pendleton until 1979. A smokehouse was built in the late 19th century, and a barn in the early 20th century. An octagonal wood wellhouse, built in the late 19th or early 20th century, stands close to the main house. A garage was built in the 1930s.</p><br>
<h3>Cemetery</h3><br>
<p>The Pendleton cemetery is located in an oak grove at the top of a small rise about 1/4 mile from the house. Surrounded by a low stone wall, the cemetery contains three gravestones and several unmarked graves.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>Cuckoo was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 19, 1994. The damage was repaired.</p><br>
<p>Lulu City was a transient mining town in eastern Grand County, Colorado, in the Kawuneeche Valley in what is now Rocky Mountain National Park. The town appeared after silver was discovered in the area in 1879 by prospector Joe Shipler, and was built primarily by the Middle Park and Grand River Land Improvement Company in 1880. The company was backed by Benjamin F. Burnett of Fort Collins and Fort Collins rancher William Baker. The town was named after Burnett&#39;s daughter. By 1881, there were forty cabins and a number of business establishments. By this time it was apparent that the silver ore was of low grade, and that high transportation costs made mining in the area marginal, and the town began its decline. It was abandoned by 1885, except by Shipler, who lived there for thirty years.</p><br>
<p>The settlement of Dutchtown was established in the Never Summer Mountains to the west of town by outcasts from Lulu City.</p><br>
<p>The land was purchased from the estate of Hugh J. Harrison by the National Park Service in 1949. Three cabin ruins remain, along with remnants of other structures. The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on September 14, 1977.</p><br>
<p>Dutchtown was a mining community high in the Never Summer Mountains of what is now Rocky Mountain National Park. The ghost town lies just below the timberline, and comprises the ruins of four cabins. The site was inhabited by squatters who were made unwelcome in Lulu City, in the Kawuneeche Valley a couple of miles to the east. Dutchtown existed to work the same silver deposits mined by Lulu City residents, but existed as a suburb of Lulu City to accommodate Dutch miners who were run out of town after a drunken affray in Lulu City. It existed from about 1879 to about 1884.</p><br>
<p>The town site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 29, 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Wild Basin Ranger Station is located in the southeastern portion of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Built in 1932, the ranger station is an example of National Park Service rustic architecture, built to plans by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Design. The log structure is roofed with wood shingles and rests on a concrete foundation. The interior consists of three rooms, used for administrative and residential purposes.</p><br>
<p>The station features a steeply-pitched gable roof, overhanging to form a porch at the front. The porch section of the roof is supported by corbeled logs at each end. The ranger station was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 29, 1988. The Wild Basin House, also listed on the NRHP, is located nearby.</p><br>
